Uyayiqonda ngempela ipayipi lemoto?

1. 1. Izinhlobo nezici zamapayipi enjoloba ezimotweni.

2. Amapayipi okuxhumanisa irabha ezimotweni angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: amapayipi anomfutho ophansi, amapayipi anomfutho ophezulu kanye namapayipi amelana namafutha. Nakuba isakhiwo sepayipi sihlukile, ngokuvamile sakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ungqimba lwerabha lwangaphakathi, ungqimba lokuqinisa kanye nongqimba lwerabha lwangaphandle. Ungqimba lwerabha lwangaphakathi luyingqimba esebenzayo yepayipi ethinta i-medium, edlala indima yokuvala i-medium nokuvikela ungqimba lokuqinisa. Ungqimba lokuqinisa luyingxenyana yepayipi engaphansi kwengcindezi, ngenkathi inikeza ipayipi lonke ukuqina namandla adingekayo. Isembozo ungqimba lokuvikela lwepayipi.

Amapayipi anomfutho ophansi afaka phakathi amapayipi e-radiator kanye namapayipi e-brake bleeding. Izakhiwo zemishini zepayipi elinomfutho ophansi aziphezulu. Uma ukhetha, hlola kakhulu usayizi wokubukeka kwalo, ukubukeka kufanele kungabi nokwahlukana, izimbobo zepulasitiki, ama-blister, imibimbi, imifantu, ama-dents, ukusonteka, ukujiya kodonga okungalingani, njll. Uma kudingeka, ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokushisa kwepayipi elixhuma i-radiator kungenziwa.

Amapayipi okucindezela okuphezulu afaka phakathi uhlelo lwamabhuleki kanye namapayipi okuxhuma uhlelo lwe-hydraulic. Ingqimba yokuqinisa yepayipi yokucindezela okuphezulu yenziwe ngepayipi elilukiwe kanye nepayipi eligoqekayo. Ipayipi yokucindezela okuphezulu iyadingeka ukuze ibe nokumelana okuhle kokucindezela, ukumelana nowoyela, kanye nokuguquguquka, kungabikho ukuqhekeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukumelana nokudlidliza, kanye nokukhula okuncane. Ingqimba yangaphakathi yerabha kumele ifane, ubuso kufanele bube bushelelezi, futhi akufanele kube nama-pores; ungqimba lokuqinisa kufanele luboshwe ngokuqinile kungqimba yangaphakathi yerabha; ungqimba lwangaphandle lwerabha kufanele futhi lunamathele eduze kungqimba lokuqinisa ukuze lungalimali. Izintambo zensimbi ezihlangene kuzo zombili izinhlangothi kufanele zifakwe ngokuqinile ebusweni beglue. Ngaphezu kokuhlola ukubukeka nobukhulu bamapayipi okucindezela okuphezulu, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokucindezela kufanele kwenziwe ngamunye ngamunye ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Amapayipi amelana namafutha afaka uphethiloli, udizili, uwoyela wokugcoba kanye namapayipi kaphethiloli. Ipayipi elimelana namafutha linokumelana okuhle namafutha futhi lingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokusebenza. Ubukhulu bangaphandle kufanele buhlangabezane nemithetho, futhi imicu yamajoyinti epayipi kufanele ingonakaliswa ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza kwamafutha ngemva kokuqina.

2. Izidingo zomsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwepayipi lemoto

Ipayipi likaphethiloli

Ohlelweni lukaphethiloli wezimoto, ipayipi likaphethiloli lixhumanisa ithangi likaphethiloli, i-carbon canister, iphampu kaphethiloli, i-crankcase nezinye izingxenye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lidlulisela uphethiloli enjinini ukuze kusebenze ukushisa, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi lidlulisela uwoyela negesi epheshukile, uphethiloli ongahlanganyeli ekushiseni, kanye negesi yokukhipha uphethiloli ekuhlanzweni kukaphethiloli. Ukushiswa noma ukukhishwa kwegesi ohlelweni. Ngemithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli eqinile, isakhiwo sendabuko esinezingqimba ezintathu sezinto zepayipi likaphethiloli sihlala sithathelwa indawo amakhono amasha ezinto. Uphethiloli we-ethanol i-E85 (okungukuthi, ingxube ye-ethanol engu-85% kanye nophethiloli ongu-15%) ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamafutha ezimoto atholakalayo njengamanje, ngakho-ke uthandwa kakhulu ngabathengi.

Ipayipi lebhuleki

Ipayipi lamabhuleki, njengengxenye engenakufakwa esikhundleni sohlelo lwamabhuleki ezimoto, izingxenye zerabha yezimoto zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukudlulisa amandla okubhuleka ezicathulweni zamabhuleki ezimoto noma kuma-caliper amabhuleki ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamandla okubhuleka. Njengoba izidingo ezikhulayo zokusebenza kokubhuleka, ukulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nemithethonqubo yokuvikela imvelo ziyanda, kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, irabha yangaphakathi yepayipi lamabhuleki ithathelwe indawo kakhulu yirabha ye-ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) esikhundleni serabha ye-styrene butadiene (SBR). ), ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwepayipi lamabhuleki lunerabha yemvelo (NR), irabha ye-nitrile (NBR), i-neoprene (CR), i-EPDM, irabha ekhethekile, njll. Kunezinketho eziningi.

Ipayipi lerediyetha

Ipayipi le-radiator yemoto liyipayipi eliguquguqukayo elixhumanisa injini yemoto ne-radiator, futhi lingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zemoto. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ngendlela yokonga amandla kanye nokungcola okuphansi, izinga lokushisa legumbi lenjini likhuphuke ngo-15 kuya ku-50 °C eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi ukusebenza kwemoto yonke kuye kwathuthukiswa njalo. Kuphakanyiswa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bepayipi lerabha elisetshenziswa ezimotweni. Kudingeka ukuthi ipayipi kumele imelane nokuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu okuzungeze injini, ivumelane nezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi kakhulu ensimini, futhi isidingo semakethe naso siyanda ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, ipayipi le-radiator elakhiqizwa ekuqaleni uhlelo lwe-sulfur vulcanization lathathelwa indawo kancane kancane umkhiqizo okhiqizwe uhlelo lwe-hydrogen peroxide, futhi izinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenzisiwe kwakuyi-EPDM.

Ipayipi lomoya opholile

Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokupholisa umoya ezimotweni kanye nezokuqandisa, futhi iqedela ukuphindaphinda kokuqandisa ngokudlulisa ama-refrigerant anezingcindezi ezahlukene kanye nezimo zegesi-uketshezi. Ngokusebenzisa i-refrigerant entsha enobungani nemvelo i-R134a, isakhiwo kanye nezinto ze-air-conditioner hose ziyashintsha kakhulu. Ingqimba yerabha yangaphakathi yenziwe nge-resin ne-chlorine. Isakhiwo serabha ye-butyl kanye nerabha ye-EPDM siba yinhlanganisela engcono kakhulu ye-air conditioner hose.

Ipayipi lokuqondisa lamandla

Indlela yokuxhumana yepayipi lokuqondisa amandla uwoyela wamaminerali, odinga ipayipi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa nokuqina. Esikhathini esidlule, irabha ye-nitrile kanye nerabha ye-neoprene kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa ezingqimbeni zerabha zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zaleli payipi, kodwa manje sezikhula zibheke erabha ye-nitrile butadiene ene-hydrogenated (HNBR), irabha ye-polyethylene ene-chlorosulfonated, i-polyethylene ene-chlorinated kanye nerabha ye-acrylate. Isakhiwo esisha sepayipi lokuqondisa le-hydraulic ngokuvamile sisebenzisa i-HNBR njengengqimba yerabha yangaphakathi, i-nylon 66 njengengqimba ekhulisa amandla, kanye nerabha ye-polyethylene ene-chlorosulfonated njengengqimba yerabha yangaphandle. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa, amapayipi okuqondisa amandla nawo asebenzisa irabha ye-fluorine, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi irabha ye-fluorine isabela kalula ngezithasiselo ezithile kumafutha, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulinganiselwe.

Ipayipi le-turbocharger

Imfuneko enkulu yepayipi le-turbocharger ukuthi ibe nokumelana okuhle nokushisa. Njengamanje, ipayipi le-turbocharger langaphandle lisebenzisa isakhiwo serabha yonke, okungukuthi, ungqimba lwerabha lwangaphakathi lwakhiwe irabha ye-fluororubber kanye nerabha ye-silicone enokumelana okuhle nokushisa, kanti ungqimba lokuqinisa lwenziwe nge-fiber ye-aramid enamandla aphezulu. Ukwakheka okuthungiwe ngesembozo serabha ye-silicone.