lapho kwaqala khona inguquko yezimboni

Ukuqala Kwesikhathi: Uguquko Lwezimboni

I-Industrial Revolution ibhekwa njengenye yezinkathi ezinde kakhulu emlandweni wesintu, iphawula ukuguquka kusuka emiphakathini yendabuko esekelwe kwezolimo kuya kweyesimanje ethuthukile. Yisikhathi lapho umhlaba wabhekana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe engakaze ibonwe, okwaholela ekukhuleni kwezimboni, ukwanda komkhiqizo wezolimo, kanye nokukhula kwamadolobha. Lesi sihloko sibheka ngokujulile izehlakalo kanye nezinto ezintsha ezaqala isikhathi sezimboni.

Imvelaphi Yokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni

I-Industrial Revolution yaqala eBrithani ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, yaqala ngenxa yochungechunge lwezinto zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezashintsha indlela abantu ababephila futhi besebenza ngayo. Izwe lalinezinto eziningi ezalenza laba yindawo efanelekile yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile kwakuwubuningi bamalahle, ayesetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinjini zomusi neminye imishini. Futhi yayinabasebenzi abaningi kanye nokufinyelela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, zombili ezazidingeka ekukhiqizeni.

Izimayini Zokuqala Zezindwangu

Enye yezinto eziqanjiwe ezibalulekile ezabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwakuyi-spinning jenny. Yasungulwa nguJames Hargreaves ngo-1764, lo mshini wavumela umuntu oyedwa ukuthi ajikeleze imicu eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwentambo ngomkhawulo omkhulu. Lokhu kwalandelwa uhlaka lwamanzi, olwadalwa nguRichard Arkwright, olwalusebenza ngamanzi futhi lwalukwazi ukuphotha intambo encane kune-spinning jenny.

Ngokufika kwale mishini, imboni yezindwangu yashintsha kakhulu, okwaholela ekudalweni kwezimboni zokuqala zezindwangu. Lezi zimishini zasebenzisa imishini emisha ukukhiqiza izindwangu ngobuningi, okwaholela emananini aphansi kanye nesidingo esikhulu, okwaholela ekukhuleni kwemboni.

Inguquko Yezokuthutha

Uguquko lwezokuthutha lwaluyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini yomusi nguJames Watt ekuqaleni kwawo-1770 kwavumela ukwakhiwa kwezimoto ezisebenzisa umusi njengezitimela kanye nemikhumbi yomusi. Kwashintsha indlela izimpahla ezazithuthwa ngayo, kwakha ingqalasizinda engcono yokuhamba kwabantu nezimpahla.

Isitimela sokuqala esisebenza ngomusi sakhiwa nguGeorge Stephenson ngo-1814. Sasibizwa ngokuthi iBlücher, futhi sasisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla zisuka eHetton Colliery ziya eSunderland. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaqalwa izinhlelo zesitimela, ezenza kwaba lula ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziningi ziye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe, okwakhulisa ukuhweba nokuhweba.

Umthelela Wesistimu Yefektri

Uhlelo lwefektri lwaba uphawu loguquko lwezimboni. Kwakhiwa amafektri ukuze kugcinwe imishini emisha, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwendlela entsha yokusebenza. Esikhundleni sokuqedela imisebenzi ekhaya noma ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezincane, abantu baqala ukusebenza emafektri amakhulu, okwaholela ekudalweni kweqembu labasebenzi bezimboni.

Uhlelo lwefektri lube nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini, lwakha isigaba esisha sabasebenzi basefektri ababesebenza amahora amade, behola kancane, futhi besebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Kodwa-ke, lwaphinde lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ngobuningi, okwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamanani kanye nokwanda kokutholakala kwemikhiqizo.

Isiphetho

Inguquko Yezimboni yaguqula umhlaba ngezindlela ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili, yaguqula ezolimo, izimboni, ezokuthutha kanye nomphakathi. Kwakuyisikhathi sokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko eyabumba umhlaba wanamuhla futhi yabeka isisekelo sentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yesikhathi esizayo. Njengoba sibheka emuva kulesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinselele ezahambisana naso, njengezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kanye nokuwohloka kwemvelo, kanye nokusebenzela ukudala ikusasa elizinzile.