yasungulwa nini ipayipi lerabha

Ukusungulwa Nokuvela Kwepayipi Lenjoloba

Isingeniso

Amapayipi enjoloba abe yithuluzi elibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukene, kusukela ekucimeni umlilo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezimoto. Aguquguquka, athembekile, futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, okuvumela ukuthuthwa okusebenzayo koketshezi noma amagesi. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi ipayipi lenjoloba lasungulwa nini okokuqala? Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila emlandweni othakazelisayo kanye nokuvela kwepayipi lenjoloba, sihlole ukuqala kwalo okuphansi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nomthelela omangalisayo emphakathini wanamuhla. Joyina nathi kulolu hambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba sithola indaba yalo mshini osunguliwe ngobuhlakani.

Kusukela Emapayipini Asendulo Kuya Epayipini Lokuqala Lerabha

Imiphakathi yasendulo yayinezindlela zayo zokuthutha uketshezi. AbaseGibhithe babesebenzisa umhlanga njengamapayipi okuthutha amanzi esuka eMfuleni iNayile eya emasimini abo. Ngokufanayo, amaShayina ayesebenzisa amapayipi e-bamboo ukusabalalisa amanzi emizini yawo. Lokhu kusungulwa kwasekuqaleni kwabeka isisekelo salokho okwakuzoba ipayipi lerabha ekugcineni.

Ipayipi lokuqala lerabha, njengoba silazi namuhla, liqala maphakathi nekhulu le-17. Latholakala kuphela ngenxa yokutholakala kwerabha ngabahloli bamazwe baseYurophu eMelika. Ekuqaleni, irabha yayibhekwa njengento ethakazelisayo enokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe okusebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ososayensi beqala ukufunda izakhiwo zayo, basheshe baqaphela amandla ayo amakhulu.

Ukuzalwa Kwemboni Yenjoloba

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, iNguquko Yezimboni yayiqhubeka ngokugcwele, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ezahlukene. Enye yalezi zinto ezintsha kwaba ukudalwa kwemboni yerabha. Kwaqala ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasu okucubungula irabha eluhlaza, okwenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano. Leli khono elisha lavusa isithakazelo ekutholeni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo zerabha, ekugcineni kwaholela ekudalweni kwepayipi lerabha.

Izinto Ezingaphambi Kwepayipi Lenjoloba

Ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ipayipi lerabha langempela, abantu bazama izinto ezahlukahlukene ukudala amashubhu aguquguqukayo. Isikhumba, ilineni, ngisho nensimbi kwakusetshenziswa ukwakha amashubhu okusetshenziswa okuthile. Kodwa-ke, le mizamo yokuqala yayinemikhawulo: amashubhu esikhumba ayevame ukubola, amashubhu elineni ayengamelani namakhemikhali, kanti amashubhu ensimbi ayengaguquki kakhulu.

Ukufika kweGoodyear kanye neVulcanization

Intuthuko yangempela ekuthuthukisweni kwepayipi lerabha yenzeke ngenqubo yokwenziwa kwe-vulcanization. Yasungulwa nguCharles Goodyear maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ukwenziwa kwe-vulcanization kwakuhilela ukwelapha irabha ngesibabule nokushisa. Le nqubo yaguqula irabha yaba yinto eqinile, engashisi, futhi eguquguqukayo.

Ngokusebenzisa i-vulcanization, amapayipi enjoloba aba ngokoqobo. Ayengakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, amelane nokugqwala okuvela kumakhemikhali, futhi alondoloze ukuguquguquka kwawo. Le ntuthuko entsha yavula amathuba okusetshenziswa kwamapayipi enjoloba ezimbonini ezahlukene, yaguqula indlela uketshezi namagesi okwakuthuthwa ngayo.

Izicelo Zezimboni kanye Nentuthuko

Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka, nesidingo samapayipi athembekile emafektri, ezimayini nasezindaweni zokwakha sanda. Amapayipi enjoloba aba amathuluzi abalulekile okusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, umoya kanye nomusi. Amandla awo okubekezelela ukucindezeleka okuphezulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene awenza abaluleka kakhulu ekunikezeni amandla imishini nemishini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza iholele ekukhiqizweni kwamapayipi anezendlalelo eziqinisiwe, okuqinisekisa amandla nokuqina okukhulu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwavumela ukuthuthwa koketshezi olunamandla kakhulu, njengemikhiqizo kaphethiloli kanye nezixazululo zamakhemikhali.

Amapayipi Enjoloba Esimanje

Muva nje, amapayipi enjoloba aqhubekile nokukhula ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukene. Ngokufika kwezinto zerabha zokwenziwa, ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye namakhemikhali kwaba nokwenzeka. Abakhiqizi bathuthukise amapayipi akhethekile ngezinjongo ezithile, njengamapayipi angangeni mafutha okusetshenziswa kwezimoto noma amapayipi anomfutho ophezulu wokucisha umlilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivumele ukuhlanganiswa kwezici ezihlakaniphile kumapayipi enjoloba. Izinzwa zingaqapha ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa, kanye namazinga okugeleza, zinikeze idatha ebalulekile yokulungisa okuvinjelwe kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.

Isiphetho

Ukusungulwa kanye nokuvela kwepayipi lerabha kube nomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini eziningi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo okuphansi ngemihlanga namapayipi e-bamboo kuya ezimangalisweni zobuchwepheshe besimanje esinazo namuhla, ipayipi lerabha selihambe ibanga elide. Ngenxa yezingqondo ezintsha ezidlule imingcele futhi zalungisa izinto, manje sesizuza ngamapayipi enza izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke zibe lula, okwenza abe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthutha uketshezi namagesi kalula.