lapho inguquko yezimboni

Inguquko Yezimboni: Indlela Eyashintsha Ngayo Umhlaba

Inguquko Yezimboni yaba yinguquko enkulu emlandweni wesintu. Yaphawula ukuguquka kusuka emphakathini wezolimo kuya kowezimboni, kwethula indlela entsha yokuphila. Ezinye zezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezalethwa yiNguquko Yezimboni kwaba ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwanda kwamafektri kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kanye nokukhula kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. Inguquko yezimboni yaba nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuba iqale eBrithani ngekhulu le-18, kodwa imiphumela yayo ingabonakala nanamuhla. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezibalulekile lapho inguquko yezimboni ishintsha umhlaba.

Izimpawu Zokuqala Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni

Inguquko Yezimboni yaqala eBrithani ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19. Izinguquko zaqala ukwenzeka ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, cishe ngo-1760, lapho kuthuthukiswa imishini emisha ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezindwangu. Ukusungulwa kwe-cotton gin kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukucubungula ukotini ngokushesha nangokushibhile, kwanda ukutholakala kwawo futhi kwakhuthaza ukukhula kwesidingo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinjini zomusi zaletha izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza ugesi, okuvumela ukuthi kusungulwe amafektri angakhiqiza izimpahla ngokushesha kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakhiwa imigwaqo nemisele ukusiza ukuhambisa izimpahla nabantu ezweni lonke. Lezi zinguquko zakuqala zaphawula ukuqala kwenguquko yezimboni lapho.

Ukuvela Kohlelo Lwefektri

Enye yezinguquko ezinkulu ezalethwa yiNguquko Yezimboni kwaba ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, izimpahla zazivame ukwenziwa ngezandla emakhaya abantu, okusho ukuthi ijubane lokukhiqiza lalihamba kancane futhi lilawulwa ikakhulukazi yizinkathi zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi izimpahla zikhiqizwe ngokushesha okukhulu nangobuningi obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, amafektri akhiwa ukuze agcine imishini kanye nezisebenzi ezazingayisebenzisa. Lolu hlelo olusha lwavumela ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okukhulu, ngabasebenzi ababenekhono eliphezulu ekusebenziseni imishini.

Ukukhula Kwezindawo Zasemadolobheni

I-Industrial Revolution ilethe ukwanda okukhulu kobuningi babantu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Abanikazi bezimboni babedinga abasebenzi, futhi abantu bathola ukuthi imisebenzi yasedolobheni ikhokhela amaholo aphezulu kunaleyo yasemakhaya. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokukhula ngobukhulu, inani labantu abasebenza kuzo nalo lakhula, okwakhulisa isidingo sezimpahla futhi kwanda inzuzo. Inani labantu abahlala emadolobheni landa ngokushesha, okwaholela ekuminyaneni kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuncintisana ngezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe njengezindlu nokudla. Lokhu kwanda kwenani labantu kwaba neminye imiphumela eminingi, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kokungcola okuvela emfucumfucwini, ukuqubuka kwezifo, kanye nemiphumela emibi emphakathini.

Ubuchwepheshe Obusha Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha

Inguquko Yezimboni yavula indlela yokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kushintshe indlela abantu abaphila ngayo izimpilo zabo. Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwenjini yomusi kuya ekudalweni kwesibani sikagesi, inguquko Yezimboni yayiyisisusa sokusungula izinto ezintsha hhayi embonini kuphela, kodwa nakuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwemishini kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ezazizoholela entuthukweni eyengeziwe. Indlala yokusungula izinto ezintsha yaholela entuthukweni efana nenjini yomusi, i-telegraph, ucingo, kanye nezithombe, futhi ekugcineni yavula indlela yezinto ezifana nokuhamba ngendiza kanye nezimoto.

Umthelela Ezimweni Zemvelo

Umthelela weNguquko Yezimboni emvelweni wawubalulekile. Njengoba izimboni zazikhula, zaqala ukukhipha amakhemikhali anobuthi kanye nokungcola emoyeni, okwabangela ukwehla kwekhwalithi yomoya ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ukungcola kwamanzi nakho kwanda njengoba izimboni zazikhiqiza izinto ezilahliwe emifuleni nasemifudlaneni. Umthelela weNguquko Yezimboni emvelweni wawuyinkinga enkulu ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ulokhu uqhubeka nokuba yisihloko esishisayo sempikiswano ngisho nanamuhla.

Isiphetho

Inguquko Yezimboni yaphawula uguquko olukhulu emlandweni wesintu. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwanda kwezimboni kanye nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, kanye nokukhula kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kwakuyizinguquko ezibalulekile ezabumba umhlaba esiwaziyo namuhla. Nakuba izinguquko ezalethwa yiNguquko Yezimboni zazingezinhle zonke, zabeka isisekelo sentuthuko eminingi yezobuchwepheshe eyayizolandela emashumini eminyaka ezayo.