Zingaki izinguquko zezimboni eziye zaba khona

I-Industrial Revolution ibe yingqophamlando emlandweni wempucuko yabantu. Ishintshe indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo nesisebenzisana ngayo. Kodwa zingaki izinguquko zezimboni ezibe khona? Kulesi sihloko, sibheka izinguquko ezahlukene zezimboni ezenzekile, umthelela wazo emhlabeni kanye nendlela eziye zabumba ngayo umphakathi wethu wamanje.

Iyini iNguquko Yezimboni?

Ngaphambi kokuba singene ezinguqukweni ezahlukene zezimboni, ake siqale sichaze ukuthi kusho ukuthini igama elithi 'Industrial Revolution'. Ngokuvamile, inguquko yezimboni iyisikhathi soshintsho olukhulu endleleni izimpahla ezikhiqizwa ngayo, okuvame ukubonakala ngokwanda komkhiqizo, intuthuko entsha yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko endleleni abantu abasebenza futhi baphila ngayo.

Inguquko Yokuqala Yezimboni: Isikhathi Semishini

Inguquko yokuqala yezimboni yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi yaqhubeka kahle kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19. Kwakuyinkathi yentuthuko ebalulekile embonini yokukhiqiza, ngokwethulwa kwamandla omusi, ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu ngemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimbi nensimbi ekwakheni. Le nkathi yabona nentuthuko enkulu kwezokuthutha, ngokwethulwa kwezitimela ezisebenzisa umusi, imigwaqo egandayiwe kanye nemisele. Lolu guquko lwaguqula ngokuphelele umnotho waseBrithani futhi lwabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Inguquko Yesibili Yezimboni: Inkathi Yensimbi

Uguquko lwesibili lwezimboni lwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 futhi lwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lama-20. Lesi sikhathi sabona intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ngokwethulwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwensimbi embonini yokwakha. Lesi sikhathi sabona futhi izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezintsha ezifana nophethiloli, amakhemikhali kanye nezokuxhumana. Lesi sikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni sabona intuthuko enkulu ezingeni lokuphila kwabasebenzi, kodwa futhi sabona iziyaluyalu zomphakathi ezinkulu kanye neziteleka zabasebenzi.

Inguquko Yesithathu Yezimboni: Isikhathi Sokuzenzakalela

Inguquko yesithathu yezimboni ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'iNkathi Yedijithali' futhi ibonakala ngokukhula kwe-automation, amarobhothi kanye nekhompyutha. Lesi sikhathi saqala ngawo-1960 ngokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokuqala ezisekelwe kumakhompyutha, kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho kwamukelwa kabanzi i-inthanethi namadivayisi eselula lapho le nkathi yaqhakaza khona ngempela. Lolu guquko lwathinta kakhulu indlela esisebenza ngayo, esiphila futhi esixhumana ngayo, ngentuthuko enkulu emikhakheni efana ne-biotechnology, i-nanotechnology kanye namandla avuselelekayo.

Inguquko Yesine Yezimboni: Isikhathi Sobuhlakani Bokwenziwa

Inguquko yesine yezimboni ibonakala ngokukhuphuka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-inthanethi yezinto. Yakhela phezu kwenguquko yesithathu yezimboni, ngentuthuko ezindaweni ezifana ne-robotics, ezenzakalelayo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokufunda komshini. Lesi sikhathi sinemiphumela ebalulekile ngekusasa lomsebenzi, njengoba imisebenzi eminingi ibikezelwa ukuthi izokwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela eminyakeni ezayo. Siphinde sibe nemiphumela ebalulekile emphakathini wonke, ngokukhathazeka ngobumfihlo bedatha, ukuphepha kanye nemiphumela yokuziphatha kobuhlakani bokwenziwa.

Inguquko Yezimboni Yesihlanu: Isikhathi Sokuzinza

Inguquko yesihlanu yezimboni iseseyintsha, kodwa ibonakala ngokugxila okukhulayo ekusimeni okuzinzile, amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wethu emvelweni. Lesi sikhathi siphawulwa yintuthuko ebalulekile emikhakheni efana ne-biotechnology, amandla aluhlaza kanye nemikhuba yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo. Ibonakala njengempendulo edingekayo engcupheni yokuphila ebangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinye izinselele zemvelo.

Isiphetho

Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, kube nezinguquko eziningi zezimboni ezishintshe indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenza ngayo futhi esisebenzisana ngayo. Kusukela esikhathini sobuchwepheshe senguquko yokuqala yezimboni kuya enkathini yokuzinza okwenzekayo njengamanje, isikhathi ngasinye sibe nomthelela omkhulu empucukweni yabantu. Njengoba sibheke esikhathini esizayo, kusobala ukuthi izinguquko zezimboni zizoqhubeka nokubumba umphakathi wethu, kodwa kukithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zenza kanjalo ngendlela eqhubekayo, elinganayo nezuzisa wonke umuntu.